Underground mining is a technique used to access ores and valuable minerals in the ground by digging into the ground to extract them. This is in contrast with techniques like open pit mining, in which the surface layers of ground are scooped away to access deposits, or mountaintop removal, in which the top of a mountain is simply shaved off to access the ore inside. When people think of mining, they often visualize underground mining, and many people think of coal mines in particular, although numerous products can be mined underground, with some of the deepest mines in the world being used to access deposits of gold.
Companies opt to use underground mining when deposits of ore are so buried that surface mining
is not an option. This requires a lot of logistics to be safe, even
with the highly mechanized nature of modern underground mining.
Especially with soft ores, much of the work is done by machine, not
people, but it's still important to avoid subsidence above the mine,
collapses in the mine, explosions, and an assortment of other health and
safety risks.
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